General Chemistry

Clinical Diagnostics

Clinical diagnostics involve the examination of patient samples for the detection and monitoring of diseases. Accurate and reliable results in diagnostic testing are essential for patient care. The quality of water used in sample preparation, reagent formulations, and equipment cleaning plays a crucial role in ensuring the precision of clinical diagnostic assays.

What Is The Impact Of Water On Clinical Diagnostics?

Water quality is a critical factor in clinical diagnostics as impurities can introduce variability and affect the accuracy of test results. Contaminated water may interfere with reagents, equipment, and assays, leading to unreliable diagnostic outcomes.

What Types Of Contaminants In Water Can Affect Atomic Absorption Spectrometry?

Water impurities that can impact AAS experiments include:

Ionic Contaminants

Impact:

High levels of ions can interfere with the chemical reactions in diagnostic assays.

Effect:

In immunoassays, excess ions may disrupt the binding between antibodies and antigens, leading to inaccurate diagnostic outcomes.

Organic Contaminants

Impact:

Organic impurities may react with diagnostic reagents.

Effect:

In nucleic acid tests, unintended organic compounds may interfere with target detection, compromising the reliability of diagnostic results.

Particulates

Impact:

Bacterial contamination can lead to false-positive of false-negative results in microbiological diagnostic tests.

Impact:

In blood culture diagnostics, unintended bacteria may affect the interpretation of culture results, impacting the accuracy of clinical diagnoses.

Water Measurement Requirements for Clinical Diagnostics

In clinical diagnostics, the accuracy and reliability of results are of utmost importance for patient care. The choice of water type is tailored to the sensitivity of diagnostic assays. For applications demanding high precision and specificity in clinical tests, the use of apyrogenic, Type I ultrapure water is strongly recommended.

Water Quality Standards According to Industry Guidelines:

Method

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

Filter (μm)

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

Routine Diagnostic
Assays

<50

<0.2

High-Sensitivity
Techniques

<18

<10

<0.2

<0.002

Not detected

2:40 PMhtml

Method

Routine Diagnostic Assays

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

<50

Filter (μm)

<0.2

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

Method

High-Sensitivity Techniques

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

<18

TOC (ppb)

<10

Filter (μm)

<0.2

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

<0.002

Nucleases

Not detected

Adhering to these water quality standards is vital for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of clinical diagnostic tests. Type I water is recommended for applications requiring the highest level of sensitivity, while Tpe II water may be suitable for routine diagnostic assays.

NOTES:

If removal of finer particulates (< 0.05 micron) is required, consider upgrading to CLS-3300 and CLS-5300 series systems. Applications requiring Endotoxin filtration should purchase a CLF-5000-02E Endotoxin removal final filter.

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxidation

Effluent Purity

Effluent Microorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chlorides

Effluent TOC

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Volumetric Presets

Mounting

Laboratory Applications

CAtegory

CLS-3100

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 3100 High Purity Lab Water System

25.25

⅜" O.D. Tubin

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 10 CFU / ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

Countertop, Wall Mount

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-5100-R-1

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5100 Ultrapure Lab Water System (Remote 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-5100-R-2

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5100 Ultrapure Lab Water System (Remote 220V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

220V/50Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-5100-S-1

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5100 Ultrapure Lab Water System (Standard 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

2.5

Countertop

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-3100

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 3100 High Purity Lab Water System

25.25

⅜" O.D. Tubin

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 10 CFU / ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

Countertop, Wall Mount

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-5100-R-1

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5100 Ultrapure Lab Water System (Remote 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-5100-R-2

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5100 Ultrapure Lab Water System (Remote 220V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

220V/50Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

CLS-5100-S-1

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5100 Ultrapure Lab Water System (Standard 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 15 ppb

2.5

Countertop

Academia, Atomic Absorption, Clinical Diagnostics, Reagent Grade Solutions, Trace Metals Detection

General Chemistry

The difference is CLïR.

Get a quote

Applications

General Chemistry

Clinical Diagnostics

What Is The Impact Of Water On Clinical Diagnostics?

Ionic Contaminants

Organic Contaminants

Particulates

Water Measurement Requirements for Clinical Diagnostics

Method

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

Filter (μm)

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

Method

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

Filter (μm)

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxidation

Effluent Purity

Effluent Microorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chlorides

Effluent TOC

System MaximumOutput (lpm)

Volumetric Presets

Mounting

Laboratory Applications

CAtegory

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxydation

Effluent Purity

EffluentMicroorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chloride

Effluent TOC

System MaximumOutput (lpm)

Volumetric Presets

Mounting

Laboratory Applications

Laboratory Applications

CAtegory

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxydation

Effluent Purity

EffluentMicroorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chloride

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Effluent
Microorganisms

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Effluent
Microorganisms

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Effluent
Microorganisms

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Effluent
Microorganisms

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Effluent
Microorganisms

System Maximum
Output (lpm)