Dialysis requires stringent water quality to ensure patient safety. Critical parameters include high resistivity and the elimination of ions such as aluminum, fluoride, arsenic and other contaminants.

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Dialysis requires stringent water quality to ensure patient safety. Critical parameters include high resistivity and the elimination of ions such as aluminum, fluoride, arsenic and other contaminants.

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The removal of bulk ions from city water supplies is required pretreatment prior to point-of-use (POU) Type 1 lab water systems. The POU system refines the water further.

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The rinsing of silicon chips in the microelectronics market demands the highest level of water purity attainable. This requires a high degree of pretreatment followed by Ultrapure water production with specialty mixed bed DI units.

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Water for Injection is a USP pharmaceutical grade solution that must meet purity standards for inorganics, organics, and pyrogens.
