Application advice for the use of anion resins to remove naturally occurring organic matter (NOM). Written by MG for Water Technology Magazine in 1999.

Using deionized water for rinsing vehicles.

Fundamentals of ion exchange technology

Ultrapure water production by the use of mixed bed ion exchange resin. Factors that influence ultimate quality are presented and discussed.

When to replace anion exchange resin due to oxidation, fouling, or other reasons.

How to selectively remove heavy metals from water.

How to interpret and understand the results of an ion exchange resin analysis. When is it time to replace or clean resin?

Removal of lead from water.

How to achieve low total organic carbon (TOC) levels in ultrapure water using mixed bed DI resins.

The removal of molybdenum from cooling loops using ion exchange resin.

A comparison between strong base anion resins for nitrate removal, both general resins and selective resins.

Removal of NOM using a specialty anion resin.

How to save substantial amounts of rinse water in the regeneration plant.

Soaking a freshly regenerated mixed bed tank overnight in DI water before use can help achieve a higher purity effluent when put into service.

The benefits of using potassium chloride versus sodium chloride as a brine regenerant.

How to predict the field operating capacity of strong base anion resins based on their current chemical condition as reported by the analytical laboratory.

The use of strong base anion resins operated in the chloride form for removal of natural organic material.

A study of the use of anion exchange resins for the removal of natural organics from water.

The use of specialty hybrid resins for the selective removal of silica from nuclear process water and radwaste.

The effects of temperature on ion exchange resin operations.

The importance of deionized (DI) water for the aquarium market.

Several installations in the southwest are illustrated as examples of nitrate removal systems using ion exchange resin.

What conditions are best for storing semiconductor ultrapure resins before use to maintain integrity?

How the power generation industry uses portable exchange DI service to provide demineralized makeup water. Economics are discussed. Regional portable exchange deionization (PEDI) service companies provide external regeneration of exchange tanks or user-owned vessels. This service covers flows to several hundred GPM and effluent quality up to 18 megohm, low TOC polishing mixed beds. Power generation plants are finding advantages utilizing these service companies to regenerate their mixed bed DI polishers off- site, especially when RO units and/or other bulk ion removal systems are involved. Technical, economic and environmental issues will be discussed as well as the structure of a regional PEDI company.

Considerations for the use of portable exchange DI service for providing demineralized water.

How ion exchange resins can be used to selectively remove emerging contaminants from groundwater.

The removal of uranium from water supplies using chloride form anion resins.

In the water treatment market, at some point, you are likely to have a client ask to have their water tested. The big question is: “Tested for what?” Depending on the client, the answer could be drastically different.

How to obtain a resin sample for analysis. Guidelines for replacement of resin due to oxidation, fouling, or loss of capacity

How does the concentration of background ions affect the removal of contaminants from water using ion exchange? What changes can be expected in treated water?

The use of anion exchange resin for removing nitrate from drinking water sources.

When approaching a rebed of an ion exchange unit it is important to determine if it is the best course of action, how you will remove the resin from the vessel and your plan to load the new resin. The need to rebed an ion exchange unit can be the result of problems with effluent quality, operating capacity and/or run lengths. These problems arise from changes in operating procedures, incoming water composition, resin loss or resin age.

The use of ion exchange resins for removal of trace contaminants such as uranium, radium, perchlorate, chromate, and arsenic.

Strong base anion resins (SBA), operated in the chloride form, can remove many contaminants from drinking water. These contaminants include arsenic V (also known as arsenate), nitrate, chromate, fluoride and uranium. The two types of strong base anion exchange resins commonly used today are Type 1 and Type 2 strongly basic anion exchange resins. Both resins can be used to remove the contaminants listed above.

Using two IX units for meeting drinking water limits.

The Boomsnub site in the state of Washington was listed as a Superfund site in 1995. The site consists of two parcels of land, which previously contained two unrelated businesses that contributed separately to contamination of soil and groundwater.

The selective removal of perchlorate from groundwater using ion exchange.

How to keep suspended solids from entering the ion exchange bed. How to properly backwash and clean a bed that may have become impacted by suspended solids accumulation.

The fundamentals of regenerating softeners and two bed deionizers

Removing radium from drinking water sources using conventional softening resins and also selective resin.

Resin regeneration fundamentals.

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the uptake rates of tannic acid by styrenic strong-base Type-1, anion-exchange resins with a wide variety of moisture contents. Our goal was to determine the relationships between gel-phase moisture, total capacity, and physical structure for tannic acid uptake capacity and leakage. The results show a strong correlation between the increasing moisture content and improved exchange of chlorides for tannin. It was found that initial performance and performance stability as defined by the height of the transfer unit (HTU), for tannin/chloride exchange was dependent on the moisture content of the gel phase of the resin. The resins tested had gel-phase moisture contents that ranged from 40.7% to 80.8% (chloride form).

NOTE: the author of this article is Kaitlyn Clark

How to disinfect a bed of ion exchange resin.

Solutions for removing arsenic from water.

How to choose the correct softening resin for your application. Among the choices are 8% crosslinked, 10% crosslinked, gel, macroporous, fine mesh, coarse mesh, uniform particle size, and solventless.

Peter Meyers responds to WC&P readers’ questions.

The fundamentals of regenerating softeners and two bed deionizers

Peter Meyers responds to WC&P readers’ questions.

Resin regeneration fundamentals.