Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals characterized by a strong bond between fluorine and carbon. The strength of this bond gives PFAS compounds their durability and a resilience to natural degradation which has led to them often being referred to as “forever chemicals”.
PFAS compounds have been used in industry and consumer products worldwide since the 1940s. Their remarkable hydro- and oleophobic characteristics (ability to repel both oil and water) give them utility in a seemingly endless array of applications including nonstick cookware, water repellent clothing, stain resistant fabrics and carpets, product packaging, some cosmetics, some firefighting foams, and literally tens of thousands of other products that resist grease, water, and oil.
More than 500 forever chemicals are being actively used in products and industries around the world. A United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) toxicity database, DSSTox, lists over 14,700 PFAS compounds in existence, while other toxicity databases lists many multiples more.
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